| Moderator
|
Hello and welcome to our Discussion
Special Event this evening! Our topic tonight is "Cosmetic Surgery"
and our guest is Dr. Leo McCafferty.
Dr. McCafferty is a practicing plastic surgeon, and a clinical
assistant professor of plastic surgery at the University of
Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
Feel free to join in this hourlong Discussion Special Event at
any time, but please remember that this is intended as an
interactive forum for informational purposes. It isn't intended as
counseling, professional advice or a substitute for professional
treatment.
Dr. McCafferty, when people are considering cosmetic surgery –
and before they even start investigating procedures, and costs, and
doctors – what are the questions they should ask
themselves? |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
The first thing patients have to ask is:
Who are they doing it for? They should be doing it for themselves –
not a boyfriend or girlfriend, husband or wife, or someone else.
Cosmetic surgery is appropriate to make a person look and feel
better about himself or herself. It won't get them the love lost, or
dramatically change their lives, so they shouldn't be doing it for
those reasons.
There's no question that cosmetic surgery will improve
self-esteem. It will make them feel better about themselves. They'll
be happy if they're doing it for that reason, but they won't be
happy if they're doing it for someone else. |
| Moderator |
Do surgeons typically ask patients about
the patients' reasons and expectations? |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
Absolutely, we do. We try to ask early
on in the consultation. Specifically, we ask them why they want to
do what they want to do, and why at this point in their lives.
Frequently we'll see patients two or three times, and each time we
see them we try to delve into why they want to do it.
I think these are important questions, because while the surgery
is important, the happiness of the patient is the most important.
And making sure that people are doing the right thing for the right
reason is a big part of that. |
| Moderator |
In what cases would a surgeon recommend
against cosmetic surgery, or refuse to perform a requested
procedure? |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
I can think of specific cases in which
someone comes in and says, "I never really had a problem with my
nose, but my mother or my brother doesn't like it." I would not
operate on that patient. |
| Moderator |
Suppose a woman wants breast
augmentation that's out of proportion with her body size.
|
| Dr. McCafferty
|
That's another good example. Personally,
I wouldn't perform breast enlargement to make someone a D or a DD
[cup size]. There's a question about whether the person has a
realistic goal for herself, and a realistic expectation. Unrealistic
expections is another area we try to explore during the early
consultation.
The other is people coming in who want liposuction on small areas
of their bodies. When you examine them, there's very little fat, but
their perception is that they have more fat than they really
do. |
| Moderator |
Suppose a patient shows signs of body
dysmorphic disorder, an obsession with having a perfect body. How
might a plastic surgeon recognize this, and how might the surgeon
proceed in this case? |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
Body dysmorphic disorder is the next
step. People who complain about wrinkles that the surgeon can't see,
or signs of aging that just aren't there – there's no operation on
the planet that can make them happy.
It's a real psychiatric problem and such patients need to be
directed to psychiatrists for that kind of help, rather than
surgery.
It's not so easy to separate people who have this condition from
people who are just very particular about their appearance. The key
really is having one, or two, or three consultations before deciding
on surgery. That way you have a chance to get to know them, and sort
out the people who are just particular and people who might have
this disorder. |
| Moderator |
What should a person look for in
selecting a cosmetic surgeon? What are the appropriate credentials
and accreditation? |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
It is complicated. I think the key words
are "board certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery." That
board is the only board that is recognized by the American Medical
Association's Board of Medical Specialties for the practice of
plastic surgery. To find those certified local surgeons, you can
call the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery at (888)
272-7711 or check surgery.org on the Web. That site features a "find
a surgeon" link.
I think that the other important point is that many of the
plastic surgery procedures can be done in an office surgicenter. But
that surgicenter should be credentialed by the American Association
of Ambulatory Surgery Center (www.aaasc.org). If the procedure is to
be done in an office setting, the setting should be reviewed and
safe. |
| Moderator |
What else should a person consider in
choosing a cosmetic surgeon? |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
The patient can check with the local
medical society and a primary care physician for recommendations, as
well as seek more than one opinion. |
| Moderator |
What questions should a person ask a
surgeon before making the choice? |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
Ask about his training, and whether he's
board certified. Also, does he do the procedures that you're
interested in routinely?
I don't think it's terribly helpful to see pictures of patients.
That's something that's always mentioned. |
| Moderator |
Why not? |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
I don't do it personally, and I think it
brings up an ethical question about choosing which pictures to show.
Frankly, nobody's really going to show you a terrible result. So it
can be very misleading to show pictures, because no two patients are
alike. |
| Gwen |
Is there a way to rejuvinate ear lobes?
I have pierced ears and some of my earrings require a disc-type back
to keep the earrings from sagging. |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
Well, this is very common: Earlobes that
have been torn, or stretched or disfigured in some way by earrings.
The right ear is usually more common than the left simply because
more people use the phone on the right ear. And it's a simple
problem to fix, in the office, using a local anesthetic. Basically,
it's just repairing the tear or the hole completely, waiting six to
eight weeks, and repiercing. |
| katiebug |
What has Greta Van Susteren done for
plastic surgery? Has she made it more socially acceptable?
|
| Moderator |
Katiebug is referring, of course, to the
network TV newswoman who earlier this year underwent a high-profile
eye-tuck. Do you think the publicity changed the public awareness of
cosmetic surgery? |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
I think Greta looks great. And I think
that Greta is just one of many media events that have brought
plastic surgery more into the forefront, certainly making the public
more aware of what can be done. In the last five years, statistics
have just skyrocketed in terms of the number of people having
plastic surgery. The more people understand, the more likely people
are to pursue it. |
| Moderator |
We've received a number of questions
about Botox, which is not surprising, since Botox has in just a few
years become one of the top cosmetic surgery procedures. One person
asked it this way: "What are these injections that take away
wrinkles? I hear theyre some sort of bacteria. How does this work
exactly?" |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
Botox is a short name for botulism, a
toxin, which sounds scary, but it has been used for years on the
face for odd facial tics and little spasms around the eyes. What
doctors did for years was just inject these small muscles to stop
the tics and little muscle spasms around the eye. The most common
example would be uncontrolled blinking.
What doctors noticed was that it not only controlled the spasms,
but also the wrinkles went away from around the eyes, the forehead
and different parts of the face. So the next step was to try Botox
on very specific muscles on the face that cause wrinkling.
And we use it now, every day, primarily for wrinkles on the
forehead; the wrinkles between the eyebrows that give you that mean,
tired look; and also the so-called crow's feet on the outside of the
eyes. The FDA in a matter of weeks is about to approve Botox for
this particular use. It has already been approved for treatment of
these muscle spasms. |
| Moderator |
Do you think that approval by the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration will give a significant boost to the
use of Botox to treat wrinkles? One analyst predicted it would
become "the Viagra of 2002." |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
I think it may give it a little boost,
but it's already so incredibly popular. I think approval will just
make people feel safer doing it. |
| RoZ |
About three years ago a dermo told me
that there would be a far better treatment for spider veins in about
three years and not to waste any more money on saline injections.
What is the latest and greatest treatment for spider veins? Thanks.
|
| Dr. McCafferty
|
I will admit that I'm not an expert on
spider veins, but there are better treatments today. There are
several lasers that work well, and also some phototherapy, which is
specific light therapy. I would suggest that if people are
interested, that they speak with their dermatologists to get pointed
in the right direction. |
| ceil |
Does Dr. McCafferty ever refer his
patients to a psychologist to work through the emotional and social
impact of cosmetic surgery? |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
Tough question. I have worked with
psychologists and psychiatrists in the past. It's something that the
patient and I come to a conclusion to do together. I would never
force someone in that direction. But through gentle and frank
discussion, I would suggest that. It has to be on a case-by-case
basis. |
| Athena |
Why do some patients look like theyve
had too much cosmetic surgery -- faces looking stretched, etc.?
|
| Dr. McCafferty
|
I think patients can be overdone. There
are patients who have had one too many facelifts and want to be
pulled too tightly, and again have these unrealistic expectations.
It's important to be able to tell patients that there's only so much
that surgery can do and that another operation may not make them
look better, and may on the other hand make them look bizarre.
|
| Moderator |
I noticed that you're plastic surgeon
for the Pittsburgh Steelers football team, and I'm curious as to
what kind of surgery that entails. Does that primarily involve
reconstructive plastic surgery due to injuries, or is there also
cosmetic surgery? |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
I always say that a good team has to
look good. So I'm available for these little plastic surgery things
that come up during the season.
There can be problems with turf burns, difficulties with wounds
healing. This year, we had to design a better helmet because someone
was getting bruised on the forehead. We had to cut and fashion a
special padding within his helmet.
And just for the record, we're going to get to the Super Bowl
next year. |
| katiebug |
Is cosmetic surgery becoming more
affordable? |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
I think it is. The misconception is that
it's just for the rich and famous. But most of our patients are of
average income. We have a lot of school teachers, a lot of middle-
and upper-middle-class patients. It's not just the very wealthy.
The cost of most procedures is a fraction of what a new
automobile will cost, and it will last a lot longer. I think it's a
matter of putting things into perspective. Most procedures cost less
than the average vacation, and again, it will last a lot
longer. |
| Moderator |
What sort of trends do you see ahead in
your field? Just for instance, I saw an interesting forecast from
the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery last year that
predicted this, in part:
"Nips and tucks will be preferred over major cosmetic surgery
overhauls by aging baby boomers. Minimally invasive procedures that
require little or no down time will be sought after by the growing
baby boomer population, to decrease the early signs of aging and
postpone major surgery a little longer."
What do you see for the near future of cosmetic surgery, whether
it's new procedures, or utilization trends, or other changes
ahead? |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
I do think that that's a bull's-eye. In
everything we are doing today, we're trying to decrease the downtime
– the time a patient is "in hiding" or out of work. Right now, the
maximum downtime is two weeks. But with many things we're doing,
we're cutting that down to a long weekend.
And some of the minimally invasive procedures, such as using
endoscopes or forehead lifts, can be done through two tiny scars
with a downtime of just under a week. So the trends in our specialty
are toward doing more, but less invasively, and speeding recovery.
People who are having this done don't have time to hide out for
weeks and months. And there's no need to. |
| Moderator |
Well, I'm afraid that we've reached the
end of tonight's Discussion Special Event. Our guest this evening
has been Dr. Leo McCafferty, a practicing plastic surgeon, and a
clinical assistant professor of plastic surgery at the University of
Pittsburgh School of Medicine. |
| Dr. McCafferty
|
Thanks for inviting me, and thanks to
everyone who joined us tonight.
|